1.Ayini Amapayipi Ensimbi Angenamthungo Ekhabhoni?
Amapayipi ensimbi angenamthungo amapayipi enziwe ngocezu olulodwa lwensimbi ngaphandle kwanoma yimaphi amalunga ashiselwe, anikeza amandla aphezulu nokumelana nokucindezela.
Lawa mapayipi asetshenziswa kabanzi ezimbonini ezahlukahlukene ngenxa yezakhiwo zawo ezinhle kakhulu. Amapayipi ensimbi angenamthungo ayaziwa ngokuhlala kwawo nokuthembeka. Bangakwazi ukumelana nezingcindezi eziphezulu kanye namazinga okushisa, okubenza bafanelekele ukusetshenziswa embonini kawoyela negesi, ukukhiqiza ugesi, nokucutshungulwa kwamakhemikhali.
Inqubo yokukhiqiza yamapayipi ensimbi engenamthungo ye-carbon ihlanganisa ukugoqa okushisayo noma ukudweba okubandayo. Ekugoqeni okushisayo, i-billet yensimbi iyashiswa futhi idlule ochungechungeni lwama-roller ukwenza ipayipi elingenamthungo. Umdwebo obandayo, ngakolunye uhlangothi, uhlanganisa ukudonsa ipayipi eligoqwe elishisayo ngedayisi ukuze kuncishiswe ububanzi balo futhi kuthuthukiswe isiphetho salo esingaphezulu.
Ngokusho kwedatha yemboni, amapayipi ensimbi angenamthungo atholakala ngosayizi nobukhulu obuhlukahlukene. Osayizi abavame kakhulu basukela ku-DN15 kuya ku-DN1200, nobukhulu bodonga obuhluka ukusuka ku-2mm kuye ku-50mm. Izinto ezisetshenziswa kumapayipi ensimbi yensimbi engenamthungo ngokuvamile i-carbon steel, equkethe amaphesenti athile ekhabhoni. Okuqukethwe kwekhabhoni kungahluka kuye ngezidingo zohlelo lokusebenza, okuqukethwe kwekhabhoni ephezulu kunikeza amandla amakhulu nobulukhuni.
Ngaphezu kwamandla nokuqina kwawo, amapayipi ensimbi angenamthungo nawo anikeza ukumelana nokugqwala okuhle. Kodwa-ke, kwezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza lapho ukuchayeka ezindaweni ezonakalisayo kulindelekile, izimbotshana ezengeziwe noma amalayini angase adingeke ukuze kuvikelwe ipayipi ekugqwaleni.
Sekukonke, amapayipi e-carbon steel angenamthungo ayingxenye ebalulekile emisebenzini eminingi yezimboni, ehlinzeka ngokuthutha okuthembekile nokusebenza kahle koketshezi namagesi.
2. Inqubo Yokukhiqiza kanye Nemininingwane
2.1 Uhlolojikelele Lwenqubo Yokukhiqiza
Ukukhiqizwa kwamapayipi ensimbi angenamthungo kuyinqubo eyinkimbinkimbi futhi ecophelelayo. Okokuqala, i-billet eyindilinga isikwe ngokunembile ubude obudingekayo. Bese, ishiswa esithandweni ukuze izinga lokushisa liphezulu, ngokuvamile lizungeze ama-degrees Celsius angu-1200. Inqubo yokushisisa isebenzisa amafutha afana ne-hydrogen noma i-acetylene ukuqinisekisa ukushisa okufanayo. Ngemuva kokushisa, i-billet ibhoboza ingcindezi. Lokhu kuvame ukwenziwa kusetshenziswa indlela esebenza kahle ekukhiqizeni amapayipi ekhwalithi ephezulu futhi ekwazi ukuzivumelanisa nezidingo zokubhoboza zamabanga ensimbi ahlukahlukene.
Ukulandela ukubhoboza, i-billet idlula ezinqubweni zokugingqa ezifana ne-three-roll skew rolling, rolling eqhubekayo, noma i-extrusion. Ngemuva kokukhishwa, ipayipi idlula usayizi ukuze inqume ubukhulu bayo bokugcina. Umshini wokulinganisa one-conical drill bit uzungeza ngesivinini esikhulu futhi ungene ku-billet ukuze udale ipayipi. I-diameter yangaphakathi yepayipi incike kububanzi obungaphandle be-drill bit yomshini wokulinganisa.
Okulandelayo, ipayipi lithunyelwa embhoshongweni wokupholisa lapho lipholiswa khona ngokufafaza amanzi. Ngemuva kokupholisa, iyaqondiswa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ukuma kwayo kulungile. Khona-ke, ipayipi ithunyelwa kumtshina wensimbi wensimbi noma idivayisi yokuhlola i-hydrostatic ukuze ihlolwe ngaphakathi. Uma kukhona ukuqhekeka, amabhamuza, noma ezinye izinkinga ngaphakathi kwepayipi, zizotholwa. Ngemuva kokuhlolwa kwekhwalithi, ipayipi idlula ekuhlolweni okwenziwa ngesandla. Okokugcina, imakwa ngezinombolo, ukucaciswa, kanye nolwazi lweqoqo lokukhiqiza ngokudweba futhi iyaphakanyiswa futhi igcinwe endaweni yokugcina impahla ngu-crane.
2.2 Ukucaciswa nokuhlukaniswa
Amapayipi ensimbi e-carbon angenamthungo ahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezigoqiwe ezishisayo nezigoqekayo. Amapayipi ensimbi angenamthungo agingqiwe ashisayo ngokuvamile anobubanzi obungaphandle obungaphezu kwamamilimitha angu-32 kanye nogqinsi olusuka ku-2.5 ukuya ku-75 wamamilimitha. Amapayipi ensimbi ekhabhoni ebandayo aginqike angenamthungo angaba nobubanzi obungaphandle obungamamilimitha angu-6, nobuncane bodonga obungamamilimitha angu-0.25. Ngisho namapayipi anezindonga ezincanyana anobubanzi obungaphandle obungamamilimitha angu-5 nogqinsi olungaphansi kwamamilimitha angu-0.25 ayatholakala. Amapayipi agoqelwe ngokubanda anikeza ukunemba okuphezulu kobukhulu.
Ukucaciswa kwabo kuvame ukuvezwa ngokobubanzi bangaphandle nobukhulu bodonga. Isibonelo, ukucaciswa okuvamile kungase kube i-DN200 x 6mm, okubonisa ububanzi obungaphandle obungamamilimitha angu-200 kanye nogqinsi lwamamilimitha angu-6. Ngokusho kwedatha yemboni, amapayipi e-carbon steel angenamthungo atholakala ngobukhulu obuhlukahlukene ukuze ahlangabezane nezidingo ezahlukene zohlelo lokusebenza.
3. Ukusetshenziswa Kwamapayipi Ensimbi Angenamthungo Ekhabhoni
Amapayipi ensimbi yensimbi engenamthungo athola ukusetshenziswa emikhakheni ehlukahlukene efana nokuthuthwa koketshezi, ukukhiqizwa kwamabhayela, ukuhlola kwendawo, kanye nomkhakha we-petroleum ngenxa yezakhiwo zawo ezihlukile nokuhlukaniswa kwempahla.
3.1 Ezokuthutha Eziwuketshezi
Amapayipi ensimbi engenamthungo asetshenziswa kakhulu ukuthutha uketshezi olunjengamanzi, uwoyela, negesi. Embonini kawoyela negesi, isibonelo, amapayipi ensimbi yensimbi engenamthungo abalulekile ekuthutheni uwoyela ongahluziwe negesi yemvelo ukusuka ezindaweni zokukhiqiza kuya ezindaweni zokuhluza kanye nezindawo zokusabalalisa. Ngokwemininingwane yemboni, ingxenye enkulu kawoyela negesi emhlabeni ithuthwa ngamapayipi ensimbi angenamthungo. Lawa mapayipi angakwazi ukumelana nokucindezela okukhulu futhi amelana nokugqwala, okuwenza alungele ukuthuthwa amabanga amade. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amapayipi ensimbi angenamthungo asetshenziswa futhi ezinhlelweni zokuhlinzeka ngamanzi kanye nezinqubo zezimboni zokuthutha uketshezi oluhlukahlukene.
3.2 Ukukhiqiza Ibhoyili
Amapayipi kabhayela anomfutho ophansi, ophakathi, kanye nomfutho ophezulu owenziwe ngensimbi engenamthungo ayizingxenye ezibalulekile ekwenziweni kukabhoyili. Lawa mapayipi aklanyelwe ukumelana namazinga okushisa aphezulu kanye nezingcindezi ngaphakathi kwama-boilers. Kuma-boilers aphansi naphakathi, amapayipi ensimbi angenamthungo aqinisekisa ukusebenza okuphephile kwe-boiler ngokuhlinzeka ngokujikeleza kwamanzi okuthembekile nokudlulisa ukushisa. Kuma-boilers anengcindezi ephezulu, amapayipi kufanele ahlangabezane nezidingo eziqinile zamandla nokuqina. Bangaphansi kokuhlolwa okubanzi ukuze kuqinisekiswe ikhwalithi nokwethembeka kwabo. Amapayipi ensimbi e-carbon steel angenamthungo wama-boilers atholakala ngobukhulu obuhlukahlukene kanye nokucaciswa ukuze ahlangabezane nezidingo ezithile zemiklamo ehlukene yamabhayela.
3.3 Ukuhlola Izwe
Amapayipi okumba i-geological kanye ne-petroleum adlala indima ebalulekile ekuhloleni komhlaba. La mapayipi asetshenziselwa ukumba oqweqweni lomhlaba ukuze kuhlolwe uwoyela, igesi, namaminerali. Amapayipi ensimbi enamandla angenamthungo e-carbon aklanyelwe ukumelana nezimo ezinzima zokusebenza kokumba, okuhlanganisa umfutho ophezulu, ukuhuzuka, nokugqwala. Zibuye zisetshenziselwe ukufaka i-casing kanye ne-tubing emithonjeni kawoyela negesi, ukuhlinzeka ngosizo lwesakhiwo nokuvikela umthombo ekubhidlikeni. Ngokwezilinganiso zezimboni, isidingo samapayipi okumba i-geological kanye ne-petroleum kulindeleke ukuthi sikhule eminyakeni ezayo njengoba ukuhlolwa kwezinsiza ezintsha kuqhubeka.
3.4 Imboni kawoyela
Embonini ye-petroleum, amapayipi ensimbi yensimbi engenamthungo asetshenziswa emisebenzini ehlukahlukene njengamapayipi kawoyela negesi, izinto zokuhluza, namathangi okugcina. Amapayipi aklanyelwe ukumelana nemvelo edlayo yemikhiqizo ye-petroleum kanye nezingcindezi eziphezulu ezihilelekile ekuthuthweni nasekusetshenzisweni. Amapayipi okuqhekeka kwe-petroleum, ikakhulukazi, abalulekile enqubweni yokucwenga. Zenziwe ngezinsimbi ezikhethekile ezingakwazi ukumelana namazinga okushisa aphezulu kanye nokusabela kwamakhemikhali. Amapayipi e-carbon steel angenamthungo embonini ye-petroleum angaphansi kokulawulwa okuqinile kwekhwalithi nokuhlolwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphepha nokuthembeka kwawo.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Oct-30-2024