1. Incazelo kanye nezici zensimbi engagqwali eyindilinga
Ibha eyindilinga yensimbi engagqwali isho into ende enengxenye eyindilinga eyindilinga efanayo, ngokuvamile engaba amamitha amane ubude, engahlukaniswa ibe yindilinga ebushelelezi kanye nebha emnyama. Indawo eyindilinga ebushelelezi ibushelelezi futhi icutshungulwa nge-quasi-rolling; indawo yebha emnyama imnyama futhi ilukhuni futhi ishisa ngqo.
Insimbi engagqwali round bar inezindawo eziningi ezinhle kakhulu. Okokuqala, ukumelana kwayo ne-oxidation kuvelele. Isibonelo, ibha eyindilinga yensimbi engenasici engu-310S inamandla angcono kakhulu okukhasa ngenxa yamaphesenti aphezulu e-chromium ne-nickel, ingaqhubeka nokusebenza emazingeni okushisa aphezulu, futhi inokumelana okuhle nezinga lokushisa eliphezulu. Okwesibili, inokumelana nokugqwala okuqinile. Isibonelo, ibha eyindilinga yensimbi engagqwali engu-316L inokumelana nokugqwala okuhle kakhulu, ikakhulukazi ukumelana nomgodi, ngenxa yokwengezwa kwe-Mo, futhi ukubukeka kwemikhiqizo egoqelwe kubanda kune-gloss enhle; ngemva kokwengeza i-Mo kubha eyindilinga yensimbi engenasici engu-316, ukumelana nokugqwala, ukumelana nokugqwala komkhathi namandla okushisa aphezulu kuhle kakhulu, futhi kungasetshenziswa ngaphansi kwezimo ezinzima. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ibha eyindilinga yensimbi engagqwali inezindawo ezinhle zokuwumshini, njengebha eyindilinga yensimbi engagqwali engu-304 inokumelana nokugqwala okuhle, ukumelana nokushisa, amandla okushisa aphansi kanye nezakhiwo zemishini, futhi ayingeni ekugqwaleni emkhathini. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ibha eyindilinga yensimbi engenasici inezindawo ezinhle zokuhlanzeka futhi isetshenziswa kabanzi emkhakheni wemboni yokudla kanye nemishini yokuhlinza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amabha ayindilinga ensimbi engenasici nawo ayathandeka ngobuhle, anekhwalithi engaphezulu ebushelelezi. Zingacutshungulwa zibe izindawo zezimboni, izindawo ezixutshwe, izindawo ezikhanyayo futhi zingapholishwa futhi ngokwezidingo ezahlukene.
2. Ukusetshenziswa kwensimbi engagqwali eyindilinga
2.1 Izinkambu ezibanzi zohlelo lokusebenza
Imigoqo eyindilinga yensimbi engenasici inethuba elibanzi lesicelo futhi idlala indima ebalulekile emikhakheni eminingi. Emkhakheni wokwakha umkhumbi, ukumelana nokugqwala kwawo kanye nokumelana nokushisa okuphezulu kwenza kube ukukhetha okuhle kwempahla yokwakha izakhiwo zemikhumbi nemishini yemikhumbi. Embonini ye-petrochemical, imigoqo eyindilinga yensimbi engagqwali ingamelana nokuguguleka kwamakhemikhali ahlukahlukene agqwalayo futhi isetshenziswa kabanzi ekwakhiweni kwemishini yamakhemikhali namapayipi. ngenxa yenhlanzeko yabo enhle kanye nokumelana nokugqwala. Umkhakha wezokwelapha nawo unezidingo eziphakeme kakhulu zenhlanzeko. Amathuluzi okuhlinza kanye nemishini yezokwelapha eyenziwe ngamabha ayindilinga ensimbi engenasici ihlangabezana nezindinganiso eziqinile zokuhlanzeka.
Mayelana nomhlobiso wesakhiwo, imigoqo eyindilinga yensimbi engenasici ingasetshenziswa ukwenza uhlaka lwamathambo ezakhiwo, izingxenye ezihlukahlukene zokuhlobisa, izinsimbi, iminyango namafasitela, njll. Ukuqedwa kwayo okuphezulu nokumelana nokugqwala okuhle kungangeza umuzwa wokunethezeka kanye nesimanjemanje isakhiwo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, emkhakheni we-hardware kitchenware, i-kitchenware eyenziwe ngensimbi engagqwali imigoqo eyindilinga ihlala isikhathi eside futhi inhle. Mayelana nemishini yokukhiqiza, efana nemishini yokusebenzisa amanzi olwandle, amakhemikhali, odayi, ukwenza amaphepha, i-oxalic acid, umanyolo nezinye izinto zokukhiqiza, imigoqo eyindilinga yensimbi engenasici nayo isetshenziswa kabanzi. Ukumelana nokugqwala kwayo kungaqinisekisa ukusebenza kwesikhathi eside nokuzinzile kwemishini ezindaweni ezinokhahlo.
3. Ukuhlukaniswa kwezinto ezibonakalayo zensimbi engagqwali eyindilinga
3.1 Isingeniso sezinto ezijwayelekile
Ibha eyindilinga yensimbi engagqwali ye-301: I-ductility enhle, isetshenziswa kabanzi emikhiqizweni eyakhiwe. Ingase futhi yenziwe lukhuni isivinini somshini, inokushisela okuhle, futhi inokumelana okungcono nokugqoka namandla okukhathala kunensimbi engagqwali engu-304.
Ibha eyindilinga yensimbi engagqwali engu-304: Yinsimbi engenasici ye-chromium-nickel esetshenziswa kakhulu enokumelana nokugqwala okuhle, ukumelana nokushisa, amandla okushisa aphansi kanye nezakhiwo zemishini. Alikwazi ukumelana nokugqwala emkhathini. Uma kuyindawo yezimboni noma indawo engcoliswe kakhulu, idinga ukuhlanzwa kusenesikhathi ukugwema ukugqwala.
Ibha eyindilinga yensimbi engagqwali engu-303: Kulula ukusika kune-304 ngokungeza inani elincane lesulfure ne-phosphorus, nezinye izakhiwo zayo zifana ne-304.
Ibha eyindilinga yensimbi engagqwali engu-316: Ngemuva kuka-304, iwuhlobo lwensimbi lwesibili olusetshenziswa kakhulu, olusetshenziswa kakhulu embonini yokudla kanye nemishini yokuhlinza. Ngenxa yokwengezwa kwe-Mo, ukumelana nokugqwala kwayo, ukumelana nokugqwala komkhathi namandla okushisa aphezulu kuhle kakhulu, futhi ingasetshenziswa ngaphansi kwezimo ezinzima; umsebenzi omuhle kakhulu wokuqina (okungewona uzibuthe).
Ibha eyindilinga yensimbi engenasici engu-316L: Umkhiqizo ogoqekile unokubukeka okuhle okucwebezelayo futhi muhle; ngenxa yokwengezwa kwe-Mo, inokumelana nokugqwala okuhle kakhulu, ikakhulukazi ukumelana nomgodi; amandla aphezulu aphezulu okushisa; umsebenzi omuhle kakhulu wokuqina (i-magnetism ebuthakathaka ngemva kokucubungula); okungewona uzibuthe esimweni sesixazululo esiqinile.
Ibha eyindilinga yensimbi engenasici engu-304L: Iwuhlobo lwensimbi engagqwali engu-304 enokuqukethwe kwekhabhoni ephansi futhi isetshenziswa ezikhathini lapho kudingeka khona ukushisela. Okuqukethwe kwekhabhoni ephansi kunciphisa imvula yama-carbides endaweni ethinteke ukushisa eduze nendawo yokushisela, futhi imvula yama-carbides ingase ibangele ukugqwala kwe-intergranular (ukuguguleka kwe-welding) yensimbi engagqwali ezindaweni ezithile.
Ibha eyindilinga yensimbi engagqwali engu-321: I-Ti yengezwa ensimbi engama-304 ukuvikela ukugqwala kwe-intergranular, futhi ifanele ukusetshenziswa emazingeni okushisa angama-430 ℃ - 900 ℃. Ngaphandle kokuthi ingozi yokugqwala kwe-weld yezinto ezibonakalayo iyancipha ngokungezwa kwe-titanium, ezinye izakhiwo zifana ne-304.
Ibha eyindilinga yensimbi engenasici engu-2520: Inokumelana okuhle kwezinga lokushisa eliphezulu nokumelana ne-oxidation, futhi ingasebenza ngokuzinza isikhathi eside ezindaweni zokushisa okuphezulu.
Ibha eyindilinga yensimbi engenasici engu-201: Iyinsimbi engagqwali ye-chromium-nickel-manganese austenitic enozibuthe ophansi nezindleko eziphansi. Ivamise ukusetshenziswa ezimeni lapho ukumelana nokugqwala kungaphakeme kakhulu kodwa kudingeka ubulukhuni obuqinile namandla.
Ibha eyindilinga yensimbi engenasici engu-2202: Iyinsimbi engenasici ye-chromium-nickel-manganese austenitic esebenza kangcono kunensimbi engagqwali engu-201.
3.2 Ukwehluka kokusetshenziswa kwezinto ezahlukene
Embonini kawoyela, imigoqo eyindilinga eyi-316L kanye ne-316 yensimbi engenasici isetshenziswa kabanzi ekwakhiweni kwemishini ye-petrochemical namapayipi ngenxa yokumelana nokugqwala okuhle kanye nokumelana nokushisa okuphezulu. Embonini ye-elekthronikhi, imigoqo eyindilinga eyi-304 ne-304L yensimbi engenasici ivame ukusetshenziswa ezingxenyeni zezindlu nezangaphakathi zesakhiwo semishini ye-elekthronikhi ngenxa yokusebenza kwayo okuhle nokungagqwali. Embonini yamakhemikhali, kusetshenziswa imigoqo eyindilinga yensimbi engagqwali yezinto ezihlukahlukene, futhi impahla efanele ikhethwa ngokwamakhemikhali ahlukene kanye nezindawo zokusebenza. Isibonelo, kumakhemikhali agqwala kakhulu, amabha ayindingilizi angu-316L kanye nensimbi engagqwali angu-316 afaneleka kakhulu; kuyilapho imishini evamile yokukhiqiza amakhemikhali, imigoqo eyindilinga yensimbi engagqwali engama-304 ingahlangabezana nezidingo.
Embonini yezemithi, izidingo zokuhlanzeka ziphezulu kakhulu. I-316L kanye ne-304L yensimbi engagqwali imigoqo eyindilinga isetshenziselwa ukwenza amathuluzi okuhlinza, okokusebenza kwezokwelapha, njll. ngenxa yokumelana nokugqwala okuhle nokusebenza kwenhlanzeko. Embonini yokudla, imigoqo engama-304 kanye ne-316 yensimbi engagqwali ayizinsimbi ezivame ukusetshenziswa, ezingahlangabezana nezidingo zenhlanzeko kanye nezidingo zokumelana nokugqwala enqubweni yokucubungula ukudla.
Embonini yemishini, imigoqo eyindilinga yensimbi engagqwali yezinto ezahlukahlukene ikhethwa ngokuya ngezidingo ezithile zezingxenye zemishini. Isibonelo, ezingxenyeni ezidinga amandla aphezulu nokumelana nokugqoka, ungakhetha imigoqo engama-420 yensimbi engenasici; ngezingxenye ezidinga ukusebenza kahle kokucubungula, ungakhetha imigoqo eyindilinga yensimbi engagqwali engama-303.
Embonini yezokwakha, i-304 kanye ne-316 yensimbi engagqwali imigoqo eyindilinga ivame ukusetshenziselwa izingxenye zokuhlobisa kanye nezinhlaka zesakhiwo sezakhiwo. Ukumelana nokugqwala kwabo kanye nobuhle kungangeza inani esakhiweni. Kwezinye izindawo zokwakha ezikhethekile, njengendawo yolwandle noma ene-chlorine, ukumelana nokugqwala kwamabha ayindilinga angu-316L ensimbi engagqwali kugqame kakhulu.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Oct-31-2024