1. Isingeniso Sepayipi Lensimbi Engagqwali
Ipayipi lensimbi engagqwali liyipayipi elingagqwali, liyathandeka, futhi limelana nokushisa okuphezulu elisetshenziswa kabanzi emikhakheni ehlukahlukene.
Amapayipi ensimbi engagqwali enziwe ngengxubevange yensimbi, i-chromium, ne-nickel. Okuqukethwe kwe-chromium kunikeza insimbi engagqwali ukumelana nokugqwala ngokwenza ungqimba oluncane lwe-oxide ebusweni bepayipi. Lolu ungqimba luvikela ipayipi ekugqwaleni nasekugqwaleni, okulenze libe lilungele ukusetshenziswa ezindaweni ezinokhahlo.
Ngokwemiphumela yosesho, amapayipi ensimbi engagqwali atholakala ngezinhlobo ezahlukene namamaki. Ezinye izinhlobo ezivamile zihlanganisa amapayipi angenamthungo, amapayipi ashiselwe, namapayipi adonswa abandayo. Amabanga amapayipi ensimbi engagqwali angahlukaniswa abe yizigaba ezimbalwa, njenge-austenitic, i-ferritic, i-duplex, i-precipitation hardning, ne-nickel alloy.
Isibonelo, amapayipi ensimbi engagqwali ye-austenitic, njenge-304 (0Cr18Ni9), 321 (1Cr18Ni9Ti), kanye ne-316L (00Cr17Ni14Mo2), asetshenziswa kabanzi ngenxa yokumelana nokugqwala okuqinile, ukuqina okuphezulu, kanye nokuhleleka okuhle kakhulu. Amapayipi ensimbi engagqwali e-Ferritic, afana no-409, 410L, no-430, anokumelana okuhle nezinga lokushisa eliphezulu kodwa ukumelana nokugqwala okuphansi. Amapayipi ensimbi engagqwali e-Duplex, afana no-2205 no-2507, anikeza amandla aphezulu kanye nokumelana nokugqwala okuhle, okuwenza afanelekele ukusetshenziswa endaweni enokugqwala okuphezulu njengezindawo zasolwandle.
Amapayipi ensimbi engagqwali asetshenziswa kakhulu ezimbonini ezifana namakhemikhali, i-petrochemical, imithi, ukudla, amandla, ukwakhiwa, izindiza, kanye ne-aerospace. Embonini yamakhemikhali, amapayipi ensimbi engagqwali asetshenziselwa ukuthutha amakhemikhali aqala ukugqwala. Embonini yokudla, zisetshenziselwa ukucubungula nokugcinwa kokudla ngenxa yezindawo zabo zokuhlanzeka. Embonini yokwakha, amapayipi ensimbi angagqwali asetshenziselwa izinhloso zokuhlobisa kanye nezinhlelo zamapayipi.
Ekuphetheni, amapayipi ensimbi engagqwali ayinto ebalulekile enezici eziyingqayizivele ezenza zifaneleke ezinhlobonhlobo zezicelo. Ukumelana nokugqwala kwazo, ukumelana nezinga lokushisa eliphezulu, kanye nokukhanga kobuhle kuzenza zibe ukukhetha okuthandwayo ezimbonini eziningi.
2. Ukuhlukaniswa Kwezinto Ezibalulekile
2.1 I-Austenitic Stainless Steel Pipe
Amapayipi ensimbi engagqwali e-Austenitic aziwa ngokumelana nokugqwala okuhle kakhulu, ukuqina kwawo okuphezulu, kanye nokwakheka kwawo okuvelele. Lawa mapayipi anesakhiwo sekristalu eyi-cubic egxile ebusweni. Izinto ezifana ne-304 (0Cr18Ni9), 321 (1Cr18Ni9Ti), kanye ne-316L (00Cr17Ni14Mo2) zisetshenziswa kakhulu. Okuqukethwe kwe-chromium kulezi zinsimbi kuzinikeza ukumelana nokugqwala ngokwenza ungqimba oluncane lwe-oxide ngaphezulu. Amapayipi ensimbi engagqwali ye-Austenitic angasetshenziswa emazingeni okushisa ahlukahlukene futhi afanele ukusetshenziswa ezimbonini ezihlukahlukene ezifana namakhemikhali, ukudla, nokwakha.
2.2 Ipayipi Lensimbi Engagqwali iFerritic
Amapayipi ensimbi engagqwali ye-Ferritic akhiwe ngokuyinhloko ngesakhiwo sekristalu eyi-cubic egxile emzimbeni. Izinto ezivamile zihlanganisa u-409, 410L, no-430. Lawa mapayipi anokumelana okuhle nezinga lokushisa eliphezulu kodwa ukumelana nokugqwala okuphansi uma kuqhathaniswa nensimbi engagqwali ye-austenitic. Zivame ukusetshenziselwa izinhlelo zokusebenza lapho ukumelana nokushisa okuphezulu kuyadingeka kodwa indawo ezungezile ayigqwali kakhulu. Ngokwemiphumela yosesho, insimbi engagqwali ye-ferritic ingabekezelela izinga lokushisa elifika ku-950°C.
2.3 Ipayipi Lensimbi Engagqwali eliyiDuplex
Amapayipi ensimbi engagqwali e-Duplex anesakhiwo esihlanganisa kokubili izigaba ze-austenite ne-ferrite. Izinto ezifana ne-2205 ne-2507 zivamile. Lawa mapayipi anikeza amandla aphezulu kanye nokumelana nokugqwala okuhle. Zifanele izicelo ezindaweni ezinokugqwala okuphezulu njengezindawo zasolwandle. Insimbi engagqwali e-Duplex inamandla okukhiqiza angaba kabili kunawensimbi engagqwali evamile, enciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwempahla kanye nezindleko zokukhiqiza imishini.
2.4 Imvula Eqinisa Ipayipi Lensimbi Engenasici
Imvula eyenza amapayipi ensimbi engagqwali aqine akhiwa ngenqubo yokwelashwa kwesisombululo esiqinile kanye nokuqina kwemvula. Izinto ezijwayelekile zifaka i-17-4PH kanye ne-15-5PH. Lezi zinsimbi zinezimfanelo ezinhle zemishini futhi zingaqiniswa ukwelashwa kokushisa. Zivame ukusetshenziselwa izicelo lapho amandla aphezulu kanye nokumelana nokugqwala kuyadingeka.
2.5Nickel Alloy Ipayipi Lensimbi Engagqwali
Amapayipi ensimbi engagqwali ye-nickel anokugqwala okuhle kakhulu nokumelana nezinga lokushisa eliphezulu. Izinto ezifana ne-Inconel 625 ne-Incoloy 800 zivame ukusetshenziswa. Lawa ma-alloys aqukethe inani elikhulu le-nickel, eliwanikeza izici zawo eziphakeme. Angakwazi ukumelana namazinga okushisa aphezulu kanye nezindawo ezilimazayo, okuzenza zilungele ukusetshenziswa ezimbonini ze-aerospace, chemical, kanye ne-petrochemical.
3. Ukusetshenziswa Kwepayipi Lensimbi Engagqwali
Amapayipi ensimbi engagqwali asetshenziswa kabanzi kumakhemikhali, i-petrochemical, imithi, ukudla, amandla, ukwakhiwa, izindiza, i-aerospace nezinye izimboni ngenxa yezindawo zabo ezinhle kakhulu.
3.1 Imboni Yamakhemikhali
Embonini yamakhemikhali, amapayipi ensimbi engagqwali abalulekile ekuthutheni amakhemikhali aqala ukugqwala. Ukumelana nokugqwala kwensimbi engagqwali kuqinisekisa ubuqotho bepayipi futhi kuvimbela ukuvuza okungase kube yingozi enkulu yokuphepha nemvelo. Ngokwemiphumela yokusesha, amapayipi ensimbi engagqwali akwazi ukumelana nezinhlobonhlobo zamakhemikhali, ahlanganisa ama-asidi, izisekelo, nosawoti. Isibonelo, amapayipi ensimbi engagqwali e-austenitic afana ne-316L avame ukusetshenziswa ezitshalweni zokucubungula amakhemikhali ngenxa yokumelana kwawo okuhle kakhulu nezindawo ezigqwalile.
3.2 Imboni ye-Petrochemical
Embonini ye-petrochemical, amapayipi ensimbi engagqwali asetshenziselwa ukuthutha uwoyela, igesi, namanye ama-hydrocarbon. Ukumelana nezinga lokushisa eliphezulu namandla ensimbi engagqwali kuyenza ifanelekele ukusetshenziswa ezindaweni zokucwenga namapayipi. Amapayipi ensimbi engagqwali e-Duplex, anamandla awo aphezulu kanye nokumelana nokugqwala, awusizo ikakhulukazi ekufakweni kukawoyela negesi phesheya kwezilwandle lapho imvelo inokhahlo.
3.3 Imboni Yezemithi
Embonini yemithi, amapayipi ensimbi angagqwali asetshenziselwa ukuthutha izidakamizwa neminye imikhiqizo yemithi. Izici zokuhlanzeka zensimbi engagqwali ziyenza ilungele ukusetshenziswa ezindlini ezihlanzekile nakwezinye izindawo eziyinyumba. Amapayipi ensimbi engagqwali angahlanzwa kalula futhi abulawe inzalo, ukuqinisekisa ukuhlanzeka kwemikhiqizo ethuthwayo.
3.4 Imboni Yokudla
Embonini yokudla, amapayipi ensimbi engagqwali asetshenziselwa ukucubungula nokugcina ukudla. Ukumelana nokugqwala kanye nezakhiwo ezihlanzekile zensimbi engagqwali zikwenza kuphephe ukuthintana nokudla. Amapayipi ensimbi engagqwali nawo kulula ukuwahlanza nokuyinakekela, ukuqinisekisa ukuhambisana nemithetho yokuphepha kokudla.
3.5 Imboni Yamandla
Embonini yamandla, amapayipi ensimbi engenasici asetshenziswa ezitshalweni zamandla kanye nezinhlelo zamandla avuselelekayo. Ukumelana nezinga lokushisa eliphezulu namandla ensimbi engagqwali kuyenza ifanelekele ukusetshenziswa kumabhayela, izishintshisi zokushisa, namaphaneli elanga. Isibonelo, amapayipi ensimbi engagqwali e-ferritic angakwazi ukubekezelela amazinga okushisa afika ku-950 ° C, awenze afanelekele ukusetshenziswa kwezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza zemishini yamandla.
3.6 Imboni Yezokwakha
Embonini yokwakha, amapayipi ensimbi angagqwali asetshenziselwa izinhloso zokuhlobisa kanye nezinhlelo zamapayipi. Ukukhanga kobuhle nokuqina kwensimbi engagqwali kwenza kube ukukhetha okudumile kubadwebi bezakhiwo nabaklami. Amapayipi ensimbi engagqwali nawo angasetshenziselwa ukwesekwa kwesakhiwo ezakhiweni namabhuloho.
3.7 Imboni yezokundiza kanye ne-Aerospace
Embonini yezindiza kanye ne-aerospace, amapayipi ensimbi engagqwali asetshenziselwa izindiza kanye nezingxenye zemikhumbi-mkhathi. Amandla aphezulu nezici ezingasindi zensimbi engagqwali ziyenza ifanelekele ukusetshenziswa ezingxenyeni zenjini, amasistimu kaphethiloli, nezingxenye zesakhiwo. Amapayipi ensimbi ye-nickel alloy, anokugqwala kwawo okuhle kakhulu kanye nokumelana nezinga lokushisa eliphezulu, avame ukusetshenziswa kulezi zinhlelo zokusebenza.
Sengiphetha, amapayipi ensimbi engagqwali ayinto ebalulekile ezimbonini eziningi ngenxa yezakhiwo zawo eziyingqayizivele kanye nokuhlukahluka. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ithutha amakhemikhali aqalayo ukugqwala, ilungisa ukudla, noma ukwakha indiza, amapayipi ensimbi adlala indima ebalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuphepha nokusebenza kahle kwezinqubo ezihlukahlukene.
4. Isiphetho
Amapayipi ensimbi engagqwali ayizinto eziphawuleka ngempela ezinohlu olubanzi lwezinhlelo zokusebenza kuzo zonke izimboni eziningi. Inhlanganisela yabo eyingqayizivele yokumelana nokugqwala, ukubekezelela izinga lokushisa eliphezulu, amandla, kanye nezakhiwo zenhlanzeko kubenza babe ukukhetha okubalulekile emikhakheni eminingi.
Embonini yamakhemikhali, amapayipi ensimbi engenasici aqinisekisa ukuthuthwa okuphephile kwamakhemikhali agqwalayo, avikela kokubili abasebenzi kanye nemvelo. Ngokukwazi ukumelana nezinhlobonhlobo zezinto zamakhemikhali, adlala indima ebalulekile ekugcineni ubuqotho bemisebenzi yokucubungula amakhemikhali.
Imboni ye-petrochemical izuza ekuphikisweni kwezinga lokushisa eliphezulu namandla amapayipi ensimbi engagqwali. Zithembekile ekuthutheni uwoyela, igesi, nama-hydrocarbon, ngisho nasezindaweni eziqinile ezingasogwini. Amapayipi ensimbi engagqwali e-Duplex, ikakhulukazi, aziswa kakhulu ngokuqina kwawo nokumelana nokugqwala.
Embonini yemithi, izakhiwo zokuhlanzeka zamapayipi ensimbi engenasici zibalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuhlanzeka kwezidakamizwa nemikhiqizo yemithi. Ukuhlanzeka kwawo kalula kanye nokuvala inzalo kuwenza abe yinketho ekhethwayo yokugcina izindawo ezingenalutho.
Imboni yokudla incike emapayipini ensimbi engagqwali ukuze kucutshungulwe futhi kugcinwe ukudla. Ukumelana nokugqwala kwazo kanye nokuphepha kokuthintana nokudla kuzenza zibe ukudla okuyisisekelo emakhishini nasezindaweni zokucubungula ukudla. Ukuhambisana nemithetho yokuphepha kokudla kutholakala kalula ngamapayipi ensimbi engagqwali.
Imboni yamandla isebenzisa amapayipi ensimbi engagqwali ezitshalweni zikagesi kanye nezinhlelo zamandla avuselelekayo. Ukumelana kwazo nezinga lokushisa eliphezulu namandla kubalulekile kuma-boilers, ama-heat exchanger, nama-solar panel. Amapayipi ensimbi engagqwali e-Ferritic, anamandla okubekezelela amazinga okushisa aphezulu, abalulekile ezinhlelweni ezithile zokutshala amandla.
Embonini yokwakha, amapayipi ensimbi engagqwali anezela ukukhanga kobuhle nokuqina. Zisetshenziselwa izinhloso zokuhlobisa kanye nezinhlelo zamapayipi, kanye nokusekelwa kwesakhiwo ezakhiweni namabhuloho.
Imboni yezokundiza neyomkhathi incike emapayipini ensimbi engagqwali ezingxenyeni zezindiza nezemikhumbi-mkhathi. Amandla abo aphezulu kanye nezakhiwo ezingasindi ziwenza afanelekele izingxenye zenjini, amasistimu kaphethiloli, nezingxenye zesakhiwo. Amapayipi ensimbi engagqwali ye-nickel, anokugqwala kwawo okuhle kakhulu kanye nokumelana nezinga lokushisa eliphezulu, abalulekile kulezi zicelo ezinzima.
Sengiphetha, amapayipi ensimbi engagqwali ayizinto ezibalulekile ezimbonini ezahlukahlukene. Ukubaluleka kwazo kusekundleni kwazo ukuhlangabezana nezidingo ezithile zemikhakha ehlukene, ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha, ukusebenza kahle, kanye nokuqina. Njengoba ubuchwepheshe buqhubeka nokuthuthuka, isidingo samapayipi ensimbi engagqwali cishe sizohlala siqinile, futhi okunye okusha ekwakhiweni kwawo nasekukhiqizeni kuzoqhubeka nokwandisa izinhlelo zabo zokusebenza.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Oct-31-2024