Ishidi Le-Aluminium Yekhoyili Yefekthri Yangokwezifiso
I-Silvery White Light Metal.I-ductile.Umkhiqizo uvame ukwenziwa izinduku, amashidi, ama-foil, amapopi, imichilo kanye nama-filaments.Ngomoya onomswakama, ungakha ungqimba lwefilimu le-oxide ukuvikela ukugqwala kwensimbi.I-aluminium powder ingashisa ngamandla lapho ifudunyezwa emoyeni futhi ikhipha ilangabi elimhlophe elikhazimulayo.Incibilika ku-dilute sulfuric acid, nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, sodium hydroxide ne-potassium hydroxide solution, kodwa ayincibiliki emanzini.Ukulingana okuhlobene ne-2.70.Iphuzu elincibilikayo 660 ℃.Iphuzu elibilayo 2467 ℃.I-Aluminium yinto yesithathu yensimbi yokuqothuka komhlaba, ngemuva komoya-mpilo no-abicon.
I-Aluminium iyinsimbi yokukhanya ye-silvery-emhlophe.Ine-actility.Imvamisa yenziwa ibe yikholomu, izinduku, amashidi, ama-foil, ama-powders, imichilo kanye nama-filaments.
Isetshenziselwa kabanzi ukukhanya kwayo, ukuvumelanisa kukagesi okuhle nokushisa, ukuzambolwa okuphezulu kanye nokumelana ne-oxidation.
Ukusetshenziswa kwento kuncike ngezinga elikhulu kwizakhiwo zento.Ngenxa yezakhiwo zayo ezinhle kakhulu, i-aluminium inezinhlobonhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezicelo.
I-Aluminium ne-Aluminium Alloys ingenye yezinto zokwenziwa kakhulu zezomnotho zezinhlobonhlobo zezicelo.Kusukela ngo-1956, ukukhiqizwa kwe-aluminium emhlabeni kube yinsimbi engeyona eyokungezinhle, ukukhiqizwa kwethusi okudlula.Njengamanje, ukukhiqizwa kanye nesilinganiso se-aluminium (ngokuya ngamathani) kungokwesibili ngemuva kwensimbi, ibe insimbi yesibili ngobukhulu esetshenziswa abantu;ngaphezu kwalokho, izinsiza ze-aluminium ziningi kakhulu, futhi ngokusho kokubala kokuqala, izinqolobane zamaminerali ze-aluminium zingaphezu kuka-8% wezinto ezakha uqweqwe lomhlaba.
Isisindo esikhanyayo nokuphikiswa kokugqwala kwe-aluminium yizici ezimbili ezivelele ukusebenza kwazo.
Ukuminyana kwe-aluminium kuncane kakhulu, kuphela 2.7 g/cm³.Yize kuthambile, kungenziwa nge-aluminium alloys ehlukahlukene, njenge-aluminium enzima, i-aluminium enzima, i-aluminium, le-aluminium alloys isetshenziswa kabanzi kwizimboni zendiza, izimoto, izitimela nemikhumbi.Ngaphezu kwalokho, inani elikhulu le-aluminium kanye nama-alloys ayo e-aluminium nawo asetshenziswa kumarokhethi asemkhathini, kuma-shuttles asemkhathini namasathelayithi okwenziwa.Isibonelo, indiza ye-supersonic yakhiwe cishe ngama-70% e-aluminium nama-alloys ayo e-aluminium.I-aluminium iphinde isetshenziswe kakhulu ekwakhiweni kwemikhumbi, futhi inani le-aluminium elisetshenziswa emkhunjini omkhulu wabagibeli ngokuvamile lifinyelela amathani ayizinkulungwane ezimbalwa.
I-Aluminium ingeyesibili kuphela esiliva, ithusi kanye negolide ekwenzeni, yize ukuhambisa kwayo kungu-2/3 kuphela wethusi, kepha ubuningi bungu-1/3 kuphela wethusi, ikhwalithi yocingo lwe-aluminium uhhafu wocingo lwethusi kuphela.Ifilimu ye-Aluminium engaphezulu kwe-oxide ayigcini nje ngokuthi inamandla okumelana nokonakala, kepha futhi ine-aluminium ethile yokufakelwa, ngakho-ke i-aluminium embonini kagesi ekhiqiza, ucingo kanye nemboni yekhebula kanye nomsakazo we-radio inezinto eziningi ezisetshenziswayo.
I-Aluminium ingumqhubi omuhle wokushisa, ukuvumelanisa kwayo okushisayo kukhulu kathathu kune-iron, ngakho-ke i-aluminium ingasetshenziswa embonini ukukhiqiza abahlukahlukene bokushisa, izinto zokunciphisa ukushisa ne-cookware.
I-Aluminium ine-ductility enhle (i-ductility yayo ingeyesibili kuphela kunegolide nesiliva), ku-100 ℃ ~ 150 ℃ ingenziwa ngendwangu encane ye-aluminium engu-0.01 mm.Lawa ma foil e-aluminium asetshenziswa kakhulu ukupakisha ugwayi, uswidi, njll. Angenziwa futhi abe yizintambo ze-aluminium kanye namapheshana e-aluminium, futhi angagoqwa abe yimikhiqizo ehlukahlukene ye-aluminium.
Ingaphezulu le-aluminium akulula ukugcwaliswa ngenxa yefilimu elivikelayo eliminyene, futhi livame ukusetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza ama-reactors amakhemikhali, amadivaysi ezokwelapha, amadivaysi efriji, amadivaysi e-petroleum, amapayipi kaphethiloli, njll.
Impushana ye-aluminium inokucwebezela okumhlophe okusiliva (umbala wezinsimbi ngokuvamile umnyama kakhulu uma uyimpushana), futhi ngokuvamile isetshenziselwa ukwenza izimbotshana, ezivame ukwaziwa ngokuthi impushana eyisiliva nopende oyisiliva, ukuvikela imikhiqizo yensimbi ekugqwaleni, futhi enhle.
Ukushiswa kwe-aluminiyamu kumoya-mpilo kungakhipha ukushisa okuningi nokukhanya okukhazimulayo, okuvame ukusetshenziswa ekwenzeni izingxube eziqhumayo, njengeziqhumane ze-ammonium aluminium (ezisuka ku-ammonium nitrate, impushana yamalahle, impushana ye-aluminium, umule omnyama nezinye ingxube yezinto eziphilayo ezivuthayo), izingxube ezivuthayo. (njengamabhomu namagobolondo enziwe nge-aluminium thermite angasetshenziswa ukuhlasela okuhlosiwe okunzima ukubamba umlilo noma amathangi, izikhali, njll.) kanye nezingxube zokukhanyisa (ezifana nokuqukethe i-barium nitrate 68%, i-aluminium powder 28%, umhlonyane 4%).
I-aluminium thermite ivame ukusetshenziselwa ukuncibilikisa izinsimbi eziphikisayo kanye nama-welding rails, njll. I-aluminium iphinde isetshenziswe njenge-deoxidizer enqubweni yokwenza insimbi.I-aluminium powder ne-graphite, i-titanium dioxide (noma amanye ama-oxide ensimbi ancibilika kakhulu) ngesilinganiso esithile sengxube efanayo, embozwe ngensimbi, ngokubala ukushisa okuphezulu futhi eyenziwe ngezitsha zobumba zensimbi ezimelana nokushisa okuphezulu, inezinhlelo zokusebenza ezibalulekile ku-rocket ne-missile. ubuchwepheshe.
I-Aluminium Sheet futhi inezakhiwo ezinhle zokukhanya, okubonisa ukukhanya kwe-ultraviolet kunamandla kunesiliva, i-aluminium, ikhono elingcono, ngakho-ke lisetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza izimbobuli ezisezingeni eliphakeme, ezinjengezitofu zelanga.
I-Aluminium inezakhiwo ezizwakalayo ezizwakalayo kanye nama-acoustics angcono, ngakho-ke i-aluminium nayo isetshenziswa emakamelweni okusakaza, ophahleni lwezakhiwo ezinkulu, i-aluminium ekushiseni okuphansi, amandla alo esikhundleni sokukhula ngaphandle kobuqili, ngakho-ke ilungele Izinsiza zedivayisi ezisezingeni eliphansi, ezifana nesitoreji esiqandisi, isitoreji esiqandisi, izimoto zeqhwa zase-Antarctic, okokusebenza kokukhiqiza i-hydrogen oxide.
Ngokusho kokwakheka kanye nenqubo yokukhiqiza ye-aluminium: i-aluminium eluhlaza kanye ne-aluminium ephekiwe I-aluminium eluhlaza: ukwakheka: ngaphansi kuka-98% i-aluminium, i-brittle futhi iqinile, ingaguqula kuphela imikhiqizo yokuphonsa isihlabathi.I-aluminium ephekiwe: ukwakheka: i-aluminium engaphezu kuka-98%, ithambile ngemvelo, ingafakwa nge-calender noma igoqwe izinhlobo eziningi zezitsha.Ngokusho kokuqukethwe kwezithako eziyinhloko ze-aluminium ingots zingahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezintathu: i-aluminium ehlanzekile yezinga eliphezulu (okuqukethwe kwe-aluminium 99.93% -99.999%), i-aluminium yokuhlanzeka kwezimboni eziphezulu (okuqukethwe kwe-aluminium 99.85% -99.90%), i-aluminium ehlanzekile yezimboni ( Okuqukethwe kwe-aluminium 98.0% -99.7%).Ngokwesigaba sokusetshenziswa: Ingot ye-Aluminium yokuncibilika kabusha: equkethe i-aluminium engu-95% -99.7%, ethengiswa njengezinto ezingavuthiwe ukuze kuqhutshekwe nokucubungula.I-aluminium ecwengekile: Nge-aluminium yebanga elikhethekile njengempahla eluhlaza, i-aluminium equkethe u-99.93% -99.996% i-aluminium ngokuvamile itholwa ngendlela yokucwenga ye-electrolytic eyizingqimba ezintathu, esetshenziswa kakhulu ezimbonini zikagesi, zamakhemikhali nezokudla ngenxa yokumelana nokugqwala okuphezulu nokuphakama okuphezulu. Ukusebenza kukagesi nobuningi.I-aluminium ehlanzekile kakhulu: I-Aluminium equkethe i-99.999% itholakala ngokuqiniswa kokuqondisa kanye nendlela yokuhlanza nge-aluminium yekhwalithi ephezulu njengempahla eluhlaza, engasetshenziswa ekulungiseleleni izinto ezihlanzekile kakhulu nezinto ezibonakalayo.I-aluminium ingot yocingo: iqukethe 99.5% -99.6% i-aluminium, esetshenziselwa ukugingqa intambo ye-aluminium ezimbonini zekhebula.IPlate Ingot: Iqukethe ama-98% -99% aluminium, isitshalo sokucubungula i-aluminium samapuleti e-calendering.Ingot eyindilinga: Iwumkhiqizo osuqedwe kancane wesitshalo se-aluminium electrolysis, ehlinzeka nge-ingot ekhishiwe engalungile yomshini wokukhipha we-aluminium processing plant.
