Ishubhu Lethusi Elihle Kakhulu Nenduku Eqinile
Ukulinganisa ubumsulwa
Ubumsulwa bethusi bungalinganiswa kusetshenziswa isimiso se-Archimedes, lapho kulinganiswa khona ivolumu kanye nobunzima besampula, bese kubalwa iphesenti yethusi eliqukethwe kuthusi ngokusekelwe ekubuneni kwethusi kanye nobuningi be-zinc.
Ithusi elivamile
Kuyingxubevange yethusi ne-zinc.
Uma okuqukethwe yi-zinc kungaphansi kuka-35%, i-zinc ingancibilikiswa kuthusi ukuze yakhe i-alpha yesigaba esisodwa, ebizwa ngokuthi ithusi lesigaba esisodwa, i-plasticity enhle, efanelekile ekucutshungulweni kokucindezela okushisayo nokubandayo.
Uma okuqukethwe yi-zinc kungu-36% ~ 46%, kuba nesisombululo se-α esisodwa kanye ne-β esiqinile esisekelwe kuthusi kanye ne-zinc, esibizwa ngokuthi ithusi le-biphasic, isigaba se-β senza ukwehla kwe-plasticity yethusi kanye namandla okunamathela akhuphuke, okulungele kuphela ukucubungula ingcindezi eshisayo.
Uma siqhubeka nokwandisa ingxenye enkulu ye-zinc, amandla okudonsa ayancipha futhi awabi nanzuzo yokusetshenziswa.
Ikhodi iboniswa ngokuthi "H + inombolo", u-H usho ithusi, kanti inombolo isho ingxenye yesisindo sethusi.
Isibonelo, i-H68 isho ithusi eliqukethe ithusi elingu-68% kanye ne-zinc engu-32%, kanti ithusi eliphonswayo landulelwa igama elithi "Z", njenge-ZH62.
Isibonelo, i-ZCuZnzn38 isho ithusi elibunjiwe eline-zinc engu-38% kanye nenani elisele lethusi.
I-H90, i-H80 ingeyobhedu lwesigaba esisodwa, oluphuzi lwegolide.
I-H59 iyithusi eliphindwe kabili, elisetshenziswa kabanzi ezingxenyeni zesakhiwo sezinto zikagesi, njengezibhawodi, amantongomane, amawasha, izipilingi njalo njalo.
Ngokuvamile, ithusi lesigaba esisodwa lisetshenziselwa ukucubungula ukuguquka okubandayo kanti ithusi lesigaba esikabili lisetshenziselwa ukucubungula ukuguquka okushisayo.
Ithusi elikhethekile
I-multi-alloy eyakhiwe ngokungeza ezinye izinto zokuhlanganisa ethusi elivamile ibizwa ngokuthi ithusi elikhethekile. Izinto ezivame ukungezwa yi-lead, i-tin, i-aluminium, njll., futhi ngokufanele zingabizwa ngokuthi ithusi eliyinhloko, ithusi le-tin, ithusi le-aluminium. Inhloso yokwengeza izinto zokuhlanganisa. Inhloso eyinhloko ukwandisa amandla okudonsa nokuthuthukisa ukucutshungulwa.
Ikhodi: "H + uphawu lwento eyinhloko eyengeziwe (ngaphandle kwe-zinc) + ingxenye yesisindo yethusi + ingxenye yesisindo sento eyinhloko eyengeziwe + ingxenye yesisindo sezinye izinto".
Isibonelo: I-HPb59-1 ikhombisa ukuthi ingxenye enkulu yethusi ingu-59%, ingxenye enkulu yeleti equkethe isici esiyinhloko sokwengeza ingu-1%, kanti ibhalansi ye-zinc iyithusi eliyinhloko.
Izakhiwo zomshini zethusi ziyahlukahluka ngokuqukethwe kwe-zinc ngenxa yamanani ahlukene e-zinc ethusini. Ngethusi le-α, kokubili i-σb kanye ne-δ kuyanda njalo njengoba okuqukethwe kwe-zinc kukhuphuka. Ngethusi le-(α+β), amandla okushisa kwegumbi ayanda njalo kuze kube yilapho okuqukethwe kwe-zinc kukhuphuka cishe ku-45%. Uma okuqukethwe kwe-zinc kukhuphuka kakhulu, amandla ancipha kakhulu ngenxa yokubonakala kwesisombululo esiqinile se-r-phase (Cu5Zn8 compound-based solid) enhlanganweni ye-alloy. (Ukuqina kokushisa kwegumbi kwethusi le-(α+β) kuhlale kuncipha ngokwanda kokuqukethwe kwe-zinc. Ngakho-ke, ama-alloy ethusi-zinc anokuqukethwe kwe-zinc okungaphezu kuka-45% awanalo inani elisebenzayo.
Ithusi elijwayelekile lisetshenziswa ezinhlobonhlobo zezicelo ezifana namabhande ethangi lamanzi, amapayipi okuhambisa amanzi kanye nawokukhipha amanzi, ama-medallion, amapayipi ahlanganisiwe, amapayipi e-serpentine, amapayipi okufutha amanzi, amagobolondo kanye nemikhiqizo ehlukahlukene yokubhoboza enomumo oyinkimbinkimbi, ihadiwe elincane, njll. Ngokwanda kokuqukethwe kwe-zinc kusuka ku-H63 kuya ku-H59, angakwazi ukumelana kahle nokucubungula okushisayo, futhi asetshenziswa kakhulu ezingxenyeni ezahlukene zemishini nezinto zikagesi, izingxenye zokunyathela kanye nezinsimbi zomculo.
Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukumelana nokugqwala, amandla, ubulukhuni kanye nokusebenza kahle kwethusi, inani elincane (ngokuvamile eli-1% kuya ku-2%, elincane elifika ku-3% kuya ku-4%, elincane kakhulu elifika ku-5% kuya ku-6%) le-tin, i-aluminium, i-manganese, insimbi, i-silicon, i-nickel, i-lead nezinye izakhi zengezwa ku-alloy yethusi-zinc ukuze kwakhiwe i-alloy ye-ternary, i-quaternary, noma ngisho ne-five element, okuyi-alloy ye-complex brass, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-special brass.
Ithusi linamandla okumelana nokuguguleka, ithusi livame ukusetshenziswa ekwakhiweni kwama-valve, amapayipi amanzi, amapayipi okuxhumanisa umshini angaphakathi nangaphandle kanye nama-radiator, njll.
Ithusi eliholelekile
I-lead ayincibiliki cishe kuthusi futhi isatshalaliswa emingceleni yokusanhlamvu ngesimo sezinqwaba ezikhululekile. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zethusi le-lead ngokwenhlangano yazo: i-α kanye ne-(α+β). Ithusi le-lead lead lingakhubazeka kuphela uma libanda noma likhishwe lishisa ngenxa yomphumela olimazayo we-lead kanye ne-plasticity ephansi emazingeni okushisa aphezulu. Ithusi le-lead lead (α+β) linobumhlophe obuhle emazingeni okushisa aphezulu futhi lingakhiwa.
Ithusi lethini
Ukwengezwa kwe-tin ethusini kungathuthukisa kakhulu ukumelana nokushisa kwe-alloy, ikakhulukazi ukuthuthukisa ikhono lokumelana nokugqwala kwamanzi olwandle, ngakho-ke i-tin brass inegama elithi "naval brass".
I-Tin ingancibilikiswa ibe yisisombululo esiqinile esisekelwe ethusi, umphumela wokuqinisa isixazululo esiqinile. Kodwa-ke, ngokwanda kokuqukethwe kwe-tin, i-alloy izobonakala i-brittle r-phase (i-CuZnSn compound), engahambisani nokuguqulwa kwepulasitiki kwe-alloy, ngakho-ke okuqukethwe kwe-tin kwethusi le-tin ngokuvamile kuphakathi kuka-0.5% kuya ku-1.5%.
Ama-brasses e-tin asetshenziswa kakhulu yi-HSn70-1, HSn62-1, HSn60-1, njll. Eyokuqala iyi-alloy ye-alpha ene-plasticity ephezulu futhi ingacutshungulwa ngokucindezela okubandayo noma okushisayo. Amabanga amabili okugcina anokuhlelwa kwezigaba ezimbili (α+β), futhi avame ukubonakala enenani elincane le-r-phase, i-plasticity yezinga lokushisa legumbi ayiphezulu, futhi ingaguqulwa kuphela esimweni esishisayo.
Ithusi leManganese
I-Manganese inokuncibilika okukhulu kuthusi eliqinile. Engeza i-1% kuya ku-4% ye-manganese kuthusi, kungathuthukisa kakhulu amandla kanye nokumelana nokugqwala kwe-alloy, ngaphandle kokunciphisa i-plasticity yayo.
Ithusi leManganese line-(α+β) structure, elivame ukusetshenziswa yi-HMn58-2, futhi ukusebenza kokucubungula ingcindezi esimweni esibandayo nesishisayo kuhle kakhulu.
Ithusi eliyinsimbi
Kuthusi lensimbi, insimbi ivelela njengezinhlayiya zesigaba esicebile ngensimbi, icwengisisa okusanhlamvu njenge-nuclei, futhi ivimbele ukukhula kokusanhlamvu okuphinde kwakhiqizwa, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukiswe izakhiwo zemishini kanye nezakhiwo zenqubo ye-alloy. Okuqukethwe kwensimbi ku-ferrobrass kuvame ukuba ngaphansi kuka-1.5%, futhi ukuhleleka kwayo (α+β), kunamandla aphezulu nokuqina, i-plasticity enhle ekushiseni okuphezulu, futhi kuyaguquguquka esimweni sokubanda. Ibanga elisetshenziswa kakhulu yi-Hfe59-1-1.
Ithusi le-nickel
I-nickel nethusi kungakha isisombululo esiqinile esiqhubekayo, kwandise kakhulu indawo yesigaba se-alpha. Ukwengezwa kwe-nickel kuthusi kungathuthukisa kakhulu ukumelana nokugqwala kwethusi emoyeni nasemanzini olwandle. I-nickel iphinde inyuse izinga lokushisa lokuphinda kusetshenziswe kwethusi futhi ikhuthaze ukwakheka kwezinhlayiya ezincane.
Ithusi le-nickel le-HNi65-5 linohlelo lwe-alpha lwesigaba esisodwa, olune-plasticity enhle ekushiseni kwegumbi, lungaphinde luguqulwe esimweni sokushisa, kodwa okuqukethwe yi-lead yokungcola kumele kulawulwe ngokuqinile, ngaphandle kwalokho kuzolimaza kakhulu izakhiwo zokucubungula ukushisa ze-alloy.
Izinga lokushisa lokucubungula ukushisa lingu-750～830℃; izinga lokushisa lokufaka i-anneal lingu-520～650℃; izinga lokushisa eliphansi lokufaka i-anneal lingu-260～270℃ ukuze kuqedwe ukucindezeleka kwangaphakathi.
Ithusi lemvelo C26000 C2600 Ipulasitiki enhle kakhulu, amandla aphezulu, ukusebenza kahle kwemishini, ukushisela, ukumelana okuhle nokugqwala, ama-heat exchanger, amashubhu okwenza iphepha, imishini, izingxenye ze-elekthronikhi.
Imininingwane (mm): Imininingwane: ubukhulu: 0.01-2.0mm, ububanzi: 2-600mm.
Ukuqina: O, 1/2H, 3/4H, H, EH, SH, njll.
Amazinga asebenzayo: GB, JISH, DIN, ASTM, EN.
Izici: ukusebenza kahle kakhulu kokusika, okufanelekela i-lathe ezenzakalelayo, ukucutshungulwa kwe-CNC lathe kwezingxenye ezinembe kakhulu.
