Ipuleti Lensimbi Engenasici Elijingiwe Elishisayo
Kudingeka ukuthi ukwazi ukumelana nokugqwala kwe-oxalic acid, i-sulfuric acid iron sulfate, i-nitric acid, i-nitric acid hydrofluoric acid, i-sulfuric acid yethusi sulfate, i-phosphoric acid, i-formic acid, i-acetic acid namanye ama-acids. Isetshenziswa kabanzi embonini yamakhemikhali, ukudla, imithi, ukwenza iphepha, i-petroleum, amandla e-athomu nezinye izimboni, kanye nezingxenye ezihlukahlukene zezakhiwo, i-kitchenware, i-tableware, izimoto nemishini yasendlini. Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi izakhiwo zemishini ezinjengamandla esivuno, amandla aqinile, ukunwetshwa kanye nobulukhuni bamapuleti ensimbi ahlukahlukene ahlangabezana nezidingo, amapuleti ensimbi kufanele aphathwe ngokushisa okufana nokufakwa kwe-annealing, ukwelashwa kwesixazululo kanye nokwelashwa kokuguga ngaphambi kokubeletha.
Ipuleti lensimbi engagqwali linendawo ebushelelezi, ipulasitiki ephezulu, ukuqina namandla emishini, futhi imelana nokugqwala kwe-asidi, igesi ye-alkali, isixazululo neminye imidiya. Iwuhlobo lwensimbi oluyingxubevange okungelula ukugqwala, kodwa alunakho ukugqwala ngokuphelele.
Ukumelana nokugqwala kwensimbi engagqwali ikakhulukazi kuncike ekwakhekeni kwengxubevange yayo (i-chromium, i-nickel, i-titanium, i-silicon, i-aluminium, njll.) kanye nesakhiwo sangaphakathi. I-Chromium idlala indima enkulu. I-Chromium inokuqina kwamakhemikhali okuphezulu, ingenza ifilimu ye-passive endaweni yensimbi, ihlukanise insimbi ngaphandle, ivikele ipuleti lensimbi ekufakweni kwe-oxidation futhi ikhulise ukumelana nokugqwala kwepuleti lensimbi. Ngemuva kokubhujiswa kwefilimu ye-passivation, ukumelana nokugqwala kuncipha.
Ngokwendlela yokukhiqiza, kunezinhlobo ezimbili zokugoqa okushisayo nokubandayo, okuhlanganisa ipuleti elincanyana elinogqinsi luka-0.5-4 mm kanye nepuleti eliwugqinsi elinogqinsi luka-4.5-35 mm.
Ngokwezici zesakhiwo sezinga lensimbi, lingahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo ezi-5: uhlobo lwe-austenite, uhlobo lwe-austenite ferrite, uhlobo lwe-ferrite, uhlobo lwe-martensite kanye nohlobo lokuqina kwezulu.
Ipuleti lensimbi engagqwali elinamandla aphezulu elinokumelana nokugqwala okuhle kakhulu, ukuguquguquka kokugoba kanye nokuqina kwezingxenye zokushisela, kanye nokucutshungulwa kokugxiviza kwezingxenye zokushisela kanye nendlela yayo yokukhiqiza. Ngokukhethekile, ipuleti lensimbi engagqwali eliqukethe i-Si, Mn, P, s, Al kanye ne-Ni enokuqukethwe okufanele okungaphansi kuka-0.02% we-C, ngaphansi kuka-0.02% we-N, ngaphezu kuka-11% we-Cr nangaphansi kuka-17%, futhi ukuhlangabezana nezidingo ze-12 ≤ Cr Mo 1.5si ≤ 17, 1 ≤ Ni 30 (cn) 0.5 (Mn Cu) ≤ 4, Cr 0.5 (Ni Cu) 3.3mo ≥ 16.0, 0.006 ≤ C n ≤ 0.030 izoshiswa ibe ngu-850 ~ 1250 ℃, bese ukwelashwa kokushisa kuzokwenziwa ngesilinganiso sokupholisa esingaphezu kwe-1 ℃/s. Ngale ndlela, ingaba ipuleti lensimbi engenasici elinamandla aphezulu elinokuqukethwe kwe-martensite okungaphezu kuka-12% ngevolumu, amandla aphezulu angaphezu kuka-730mpa, ukumelana nokugqwala nokuguquguquka, kanye nokuqina okuhle kakhulu kwendawo ethintekile yokushisela. Ukusebenza kokugxiviza kwezingxenye ezishiselwe kungathuthukiswa kakhulu ngokusebenzisa kabusha i-Mo, B, njll.
