Ishubhu yesikwele esikhulu sobubanzi
Amapayipi ayisikwele anobubanzi obukhulu namapayipi ensimbi aneziphambano ezingenalutho asetshenziswa njengamapayipi okuthutha uketshezi, njengamapayipi okuthutha uwoyela, igesi yemvelo, igesi, amanzi kanye nezinto ezithile eziqinile.Uma kuqhathaniswa nensimbi eqinile njengensimbi eyindilinga, ipayipi lensimbi linesisindo esilula lapho ukugoba namandla e-torsion kufana.Iwuhlobo lwensimbi eyongayo enezingxenye eziphambanayo, esetshenziswa kakhulu ekwenzeni izingxenye zesakhiwo nezingxenye eziwumshini, njengamapayipi okubhola uwoyela, imishayo yokushayela imoto, namabhayisikili.I-scaffolding ne-steel scaffolding esetshenziswa ekwakheni izakhiwo.Ukusetshenziswa kwamapayipi ensimbi ukwenza izingxenye ezimise okwendandatho kungakhuphula izinga lokusetshenziswa kwezinto, kwenze kube lula inqubo yokukhiqiza, futhi konga izinto kanye nokucutshungulwa kwamahora abantu.Isibonelo, izindandatho ezigoqayo, imikhono ye-jack, njll, zenziwe kabanzi ngamapayipi ensimbi.Amapayipi ensimbi nawo ayizinto ezibalulekile ezikhalini ezahlukahlukene ezijwayelekile, futhi imiphongolo nemiphongolo yonke yenziwe ngamapayipi ensimbi.Ngokwezimo ezihlukene zezindawo eziphambanayo, amapayipi ensimbi angahlukaniswa abe amapayipi ayindilinga namapayipi amise okukhethekile.Njengoba indawo yendilinga inkulu kakhulu ngaphansi kwesimo somjikelezo ofanayo, uketshezi oluningi lungathuthwa ngeshubhu eliyindilinga.Ukwengeza, lapho isigaba sendandatho singaphansi kokucindezela kwe-radial yangaphakathi noma yangaphandle, amandla ayafana ngokuqhathaniswa.Ngakho-ke, amapayipi amaningi ensimbi angamapayipi ayindilinga.Nokho, amapayipi ayindilinga nawo anemikhawulo ethile.Isibonelo, ngaphansi kwesimo sokugoba kwendiza, amapayipi ayindilinga awalungile njengesikwele.Amapayipi angunxande anamandla okugoba aphezulu.Amapayipi ayisikwele nawonxande avame ukusetshenziswa kwezinye izinhlaka zemishini yezolimo, ifenisha yensimbi neyokhuni, njll. Ngokwezinjongo ezihlukene, amapayipi ensimbi anomumo okhethekile anamanye amajamo ahlukene ayadingeka.
1. Ipayipi yesikwele esinobubanzi obukhulu besakhiwo (i-GB/T8162-1999) iyipayipi yesikwele enobubanzi obukhulu besakhiwo esijwayelekile kanye nesakhiwo somshini.
2. Ipayipi lesikwele esinobubanzi obukhulu bokuthutha uketshezi (i-GB/T8163-1999) ipayipi eliyisikwele eliwububanzi obukhulu elisetshenziselwa ukuthutha amanzi, uwoyela, igesi nolunye uketshezi.
3. Amashubhu ayisikwele anobubanzi obukhulu amaboilers anengcindezi ephansi naphakathi (GB3087-1999) asetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza amashubhu esitimu esishisa kakhulu amabhoyela anengcindezi ephansi naphakathi yezakhiwo ezahlukahlukene, amashubhu amanzi abilayo kanye namashubhu esitimu esishisa kakhulu samabhoyela esitimela, amashubhu amakhulu entuthu; amashubhu amancane entuthu namakhothamo Amapayipi ayisikwele anobubanzi obukhulu bekhabhoni yekhwalithi ephezulu yensimbi eshisayo egoqiwe futhi edonswa kubanda (egoqiwe) yamapayipi esitini.
4. Amashubhu ayisikwele anobubanzi obukhulu amabhoyela anengcindezi ephezulu (GB5310-1995) ayinsimbi yekhwalithi ephezulu yekhabhoni, insimbi eyingxubevange, kanye nensimbi engagqwali engashisi amashubhu ayisikwele anobubanzi obukhulu endaweni yokushisisa yengcindezi ephezulu nangaphezulu kwamanzi- ama-tube boilers.
5. Ipayipi eliyisikwele elinobukhulu obunobubanzi obukhulu bemishini kamanyolo (GB6479-2000) iyinsimbi yesakhiwo sekhabhoni esezingeni eliphakeme nensimbi eyingxubevange yepayipi skwele enobubanzi obufanele izinto zamakhemikhali namapayipi anokushisa okusebenzayo okungu -40 ~ 400 ℃ kanye nengcindezi yokusebenza engu-10 ~ 30Ma.Ithubhu.
6. Amapayipi angama-square angama-diameter amakhulu okuqhekeka kwe-petroleum (GB9948-88) amapayipi angama-square angama-diameter amakhulu afanele amashubhu esithandweni somlilo, ukushisa ukushisa kanye namapayipi ezindaweni zokuhluza i-petroleum.
7. Amapayipi ensimbi okumba i-geological (YB235-70) amapayipi ensimbi asetshenziselwa ukubhoboza okuyisisekelo yiminyango ye-geological.Angahlukaniswa abe amapayipi okubhoboza, amakhola okubhola, amapayipi angaphakathi, amapayipi e-casing kanye namapayipi okukhipha inhlabathi ngokuvumelana nokusetshenziswa kwawo.
8. Ipayipi eliyisikwele elingudayamitha elikhulu lokumba ingqikithi yedayimane (i-GB3423-82) ipayipi eliyisikwele elingudayamitha elikhulu elisetshenziselwa ukumba umnyombo wedayimane, izinduku eziwumgogodla, kanye nebhokisi.
9. Ipayipi lokumba i-petroleum (YB528-65) iyipayipi eliyisikwele elingububanzi obukhulu elijiywe ngaphakathi noma ngaphandle kuzo zombili iziphetho zokumba uwoyela.Amapayipi ensimbi ahlukaniswe abe izinhlobo ezimbili: ucingo kanye non-wired.Amapayipi anezintambo axhunywe ngamajoyinti, futhi amapayipi angenazintambo axhunywe ngokuhlanganyela kwamathuluzi ngokushisela izinqe.
10. I-Carbon steel amapayipi ayisikwele anobubanzi obukhulu bemikhumbi (GB5213-85) angamapayipi wesikwele esiwububanzi obukhulu be-carbon steel asetshenziswa ekwenziweni kwezinhlelo zamapayipi omfutho we-Class I, amasistimu amapayipi omfutho we-Class II, ama-boilers nama-superheaters.Izinga lokushisa elisebenzayo le-carbon steel square-diameter square tube wall alidluli ku-450 ℃, kanti lelo lensimbi yensimbi enobubanzi obuyi-square tube wall lidlula ama-450 ℃.
11. Ishubhu yesikwele esiwububanzi obukhulu bekesi le-auto-shaft casing (GB3088-82) iyinsimbi yekhwalithi ephezulu ye-carbon structural kanye ne-alloy structural steel hot-rolled big-diameter tube tube yokukhiqiza imoto ye-half-shaft casing kanye neshubhu ye-axle yokushayela. .
12. Ipayipi likaphethiloli elinomfutho ophezulu wenjini yedizili (GB3093-2002) iyipayipi yesikwele esinobubanzi obudonswa ngamakhaza sokukhiqiza ipayipi elinomfutho ophezulu wesistimu yomjovo wenjini yedizili.
13. I-diameter yangaphakathi enembayo enkulu yeshubhu yesikwele yama-hydraulic kanye ne-pneumatic cylinders (GB8713-88) iyishubhu eyisikwele edonsayo noma ebandayo egoqelwe ebandayo enobubanzi obuqondile bangaphakathi bokwenza amasilinda amanzi kanye nawomoya.
14. Ukunemba okunembayo noma okugoqelwe ngokubanda okunembayo okuyisikwele esikhulu (i-GB3639-2000) kusetshenziselwa ukwakheka kwemishini, okokusebenza kwe-hydraulic okunemba okuphezulu kwe-dimensional kanye nokuqedwa okuhle kwendawo.Ukukhetha ukunemba okunembayo kwamashubhu ayisikwele anobubanzi obukhulu ukuze kukhiqizwe izakhiwo zemishini noma izinto ezisebenza ngaphansi kwamanzi kungasindisa kakhulu amahora okusebenza ngomshini, kukhuphule ukusetshenziswa kwempahla, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo kusize ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo.
15. Insimbi engagqwali enobubanzi obukhulu bepayipi (GB/T14975-2002) iyinsimbi engagqwali egoqwe eshisayo eyenziwe ngamapayipi amelana nokugqwala kanye nezingxenye zesakhiwo kanye nezingxenye ezisetshenziswa kakhulu kumakhemikhali, uphethiloli, izindwangu, ezokwelapha, zokudla, imishini nezinye izimboni.(Anwetshiwe, anwetshiwe) futhi adonswa ngokubanda (agoqiwe) amashubhu ayisikwele anobubanzi obukhulu.
16. Ishubhu yesikwele yensimbi engagqwali enobubanzi obukhulu bokuthuthwa koketshezi (GB/T14976-2002) iyishubhu yesikwele esishisayo (enwetshiwe, enwetshiwe) futhi edonswa ngokubanda (egoqiwe) eyenziwe ngensimbi engagqwali yokuthutha uketshezi.
17. Ipayipi eliyisikwele elinobubanzi obukhethekile obunobubanzi obukhethekile yitemu elivamile lamapayipi ayisikwele anobubanzi obukhulu anomumo ophambanayo ngaphandle kwamapayipi ayindilinga.Ngokusho kokwakheka okuhlukile nobukhulu besigaba sepayipi lensimbi, lingahlukaniswa libe ukujiya okulingana odongeni ipayipi eliyisikwele elimise okwesipesheli esikhulu (ikhodi D), ukujiya okungalingani kodonga olumise okukhethekile okunobubanzi obuyisikwele ipayipi (ikhodi BD), ububanzi obuguquguqukayo ipayipi lensimbi elingenamthungo elimise okukhethekile (ikhodi BJ) ).Amashubhu angama-rectangular anomumo okhethekile anobubanzi obukhulu asetshenziswa kakhulu ezingxenyeni ezahlukahlukene zesakhiwo, amathuluzi nezingxenye zemishini.Uma kuqhathaniswa namapayipi ayindilinga, amapayipi anomumo okhethekile ngokuvamile anezikhathi ezinkudlwana ze-inertia kanye ne-modulus yesigaba, futhi anokumelana nokugoba okukhulu nokuqina, okunganciphisa kakhulu isisindo sesakhiwo futhi onge insimbi.
Amapayipi ayisikwele anobubanzi obukhulu asetshenziswa kabanzi njengamapayipi okudlulisa uketshezi, njengamapayipi okuthutha uwoyela, igesi yemvelo, igesi, amanzi nezinye izinto eziqinile.Amapayipi ayisikwele anobubanzi obukhulu nawo asetshenziswa kabanzi ekwenzeni izingxenye zesakhiwo nezingxenye eziwumshini, njengamapayipi okubhola uwoyela, imiphini yokushayela imoto, amafreyimu amabhayisikili, nezikafula zensimbi ezisetshenziswa ekwakheni.
Ipharamitha yomkhiqizo weshidi eliwububanzi obuyisikwele esikhulu (GB/T3094-2000)
| Ubude obusemaceleni/mm | Ubukhulu bodonga/mm | Indawo yesigaba/cm2 | Isisindo sethiyori/kg/M | Isikhathi se-inertia/cm4 | Ingxenye yemodulus/cm3 |
| 40 | 3.5 | 4.9 | 3.85 | 11.16 | 5.58 |
| 50 | 4 | 7.09 | 5.56 | 25.56 | 10.22 |
| 60 | 5 | 10.58 | 8.3 | 54.57 | 18.19 |
| 70 | 5 | 12.58 | 9.87 | 90.26 | 25.79 |
| 80 | 5 | 14.58 | 11.44 | 138.9 | 34.72 |
| 92 | 5 | 16.98 | 13.33 | 217.1 | 47.19 |
| 100 | 5 | 18.58 | 14.58 | 282.8 | 56.57 |
| 108 | 5 | 19.96 | 15.67 | 346.99 | 72.14 |
| 120 | 5 | 22.36 | 17.55 | 485.47 | 89.79 |
| 110 | 7 | 28.01 | 21.99 | 503.4 | 91.54 |
| 150 | 6 | 33.63 | 26.4 | 1145.91 | 168.85 |
| 180 | 16 | 98.37 | 77.22 | 4252.42 | 590.55 |
| 200 | 8 | 59.79 | 46.94 | 3621 | 400.25 |
| 250 | 10 | 93.42 | 73.33 | 8841.87 | 781.73 |
| 16 | 162.37 | 127.46 | 18462.79 | 1521.42 | 200.65 |
