Insimbi Eyakheke Ngokubandayo
Insimbi eyakhiwe ngokubanda ibhekisela ezinhlobonhlobo zamaphrofayili esigaba esiphambanayo enziwe ngensimbi egoqwe ngokushisayo noma egoqwe ngokubanda ngaphansi kokucubungula ingcindezi ekamelweni lokushisa.Eyaziwa nangokuthi insimbi enezindonga ezincane, iwuhlobo lwensimbi yesakhiwo esilula.Insimbi eyakhiwe ngokubandayo iye yakhiqizwa iminyaka engaphezu kweyikhulu, futhi ekuqaleni yayikhiqizwa emshinini owodwa onomshini ogobayo.Ngo-1910, i-United States yaqala ukwakha iyunithi yokuqala eqhubekayo yokwenza umqulu.Ngemva kuka-1960, insimbi eyakhiwe ngendlela ebandayo iye yathuthuka ngokushesha.Ngo-1989, umkhiqizo wawo waminyaka yonke emhlabeni wafinyelela amathani ayizigidi ezingu-8, nezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-10,000 kanye nemininingwane.Ukukhishwa kwensimbi eyakheke ngendlela ebandayo emazweni athuthukile ezimbonini kuhlanganisa cishe u-5% wesamba somkhiqizo wensimbi.I-China yakha iyunithi yayo yokuqala yokukhiqiza insimbi eyakhiwe ngendlela ebandayo e-Shanghai ngo-1958. Ekupheleni kweminyaka yawo-1980, kwase kunamayunithi akha amayunithi angaphezu kuka-30, akhiqiza izinhlobo ezicishe zibe yi-100 kanye nomkhiqizo wonyaka wamathani angaphezu kuka-200,000 ensimbi eyakhiwe ngokubanda.
Insimbi eyakhiwe ngendlela ebandayo iwuhlobo lwensimbi ephambanayo eyongayo, enesisindo esincane esinezindonga ezincane, ebizwa nangokuthi insimbi efrijiwe noma insimbi eyakhelwe ukubanda.Insimbi eyakhiwe ngokubandayo yiyona nto eyinhloko yokwenza izakhiwo zensimbi ezilula.Inezingxenye ezihlukene ezincanyana kakhulu, ezinengqondo neziyinkimbinkimbi ezingakwazi ukukhiqizwa ngokugoqa okushisayo.Uma kuqhathaniswa nensimbi egoqwe esishisayo, esimweni sendawo efanayo ye-cross-sectional, i-radius ye-gyration inganyuswa ngo-50% kuya ku-60%, futhi umzuzu we-inertia wesigaba unganyuswa izikhathi ezingu-0.5 kuya kwezi-3.0, ngakho-ke amandla ezinto ezibonakalayo angasetshenziswa ngokunengqondo;(Okungukuthi, isakhiwo sensimbi esenziwe nge-I-beam yendabuko, insimbi yesiteshi, insimbi ye-engeli kanye ne-steel plate) ingasindisa cishe u-30% kuya ku-50% wensimbi.Kwezinye izimo, inani lensimbi elisetshenziswa ezakhiweni zensimbi ezibandayo lilingana nezakhiwo zekhonkrithi eziqinisiwe ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanayo, okuyinsimbi yesigaba somnotho.
Insimbi eyakhiwe ngendlela ebandayo inokusetshenziswa okubanzi, futhi ngokuvamile isetshenziselwa ukwenza izingxenye zesakhiwo nezingxenye ezisizayo eminyangweni yokukhiqiza efana neyokwakha, izimoto zikaloliwe, izimoto, nemikhumbi.
Kunezinhlobo eziningi zensimbi eyakhiwe ngendlela ebandayo, ehlukaniswe yaba yizimo ezivulekile, ezivaliwe futhi ezivaliwe.Imikhiqizo eyinhloko insimbi yesiteshi esakhiwe ngendlela ebandayo, insimbi ye-engeli, insimbi emise okwe-Z, ipuleti likathayela elakhiwe ngendlela ebandayo, ipayipi eliyisikwele, ipayipi elingunxande, ipayipi lensimbi elishiselwe kagesi elimise okukhethekile, isivalo esigoqayo Linda.Insimbi eyakhiwe ngokubandayo ngokuvamile ikhiqizwa inogqinsi oluyi-6mm noma ngaphansi nobubanzi obungu-500mm noma ngaphansi.Ukucaciswa okuvame ukusetshenziswa ezweni lethu insimbi ye-equilateral angle (ubude bomlenze 25～75mm), insimbi ye-engeli yokugoqa yangaphakathi (ubude bomlenze 40～75mm), insimbi yesiteshi (ukuphakama okungu-25～250mm), insimbi yokugoqa yangaphakathi (ukuphakama okungu-60～250mm), curling insimbi emise okwe-Z (ukuphakama okungu-100～180mm) kanye nezicaciso nezinhlobonhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-400.Imikhiqizo isetshenziswa kabanzi ezimayini, ukwakhiwa, imishini yezolimo, ezokuthutha, amabhuloho, petrochemical, imboni ukukhanya, electronics kanye nezinye izimboni.
Insimbi eyakhiwe ngokubandayo yiyona nto eyinhloko yokwenza izakhiwo zensimbi elula, futhi yenziwe ngamapuleti ensimbi abandayo noma imicu yensimbi.Ubukhulu bayo bodonga abukwazi nje ukwenziwa mncane kakhulu, kodwa futhi lwenza kube lula kakhulu inqubo yokukhiqiza futhi kuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza.Ingakwazi ukukhiqiza amaphrofayili ahlukahlukene kanye nezinsimbi ezibandayo ezenziwe ngezinto ezihlukahlukene ezinobukhulu obufanayo bodonga, okunzima ukukhiqiza ngezindlela ezijwayelekile zokugoqa ezishisayo, kodwa ezinobumo obuyinkimbinkimbi be-cross-sectional.Ngaphezu kokusetshenziswa ezakhiweni ezihlukahlukene zokwakha, insimbi eyakhiwe ngendlela ebandayo ibuye isetshenziswe kabanzi ekukhiqizeni izimoto nasekukhiqizeni imishini yezolimo.Kunezinhlobo eziningi zensimbi ezakhiwe ngokubanda, ezihlukaniswe zibe zivulekile, zivaliwe futhi zivaliwe ngokusho kwesigaba.Ngokomumo, kukhona insimbi yeshaneli eyakhiwe ngendlela ebandayo, insimbi ye-engeli, insimbi emise okuka-Z, ishubhu yesikwele, ishubhu elingunxande, ishubhu elimise okukhethekile, isivalo esivalayo, njll. Izinga lakamuva elingu-6B/T 6725-2008 lengeze ukuhlukaniswa kwamandla okukhiqiza kwemikhiqizo yensimbi eyakhiwe ngendlela ebandayo, yengeza insimbi ecolekile, futhi kwandise izinkomba zokuhlola eziqondile zezakhiwo zemishini zomkhiqizo.
